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Introduction to Routing Protocols

By Sai Rohith Karanam

Let's start this topic with a good example.
You have typed "www.facebook.com" in your PC. The next step which is going to happen is the conversion of the domain name into IP address which is carried out by DNS.
After this, your PC gets to know the IP address of www.facebook.com and data can be sent or received now by establishing TCP connection.
This is what we all learned till now.
After this, when you want to send data from your PC to facebook's IP address, data has to be travelled through many routers. For instance, you are in college and you want to go home. For reaching your home, there are two ways. The first way takes 5 hrs to travel and the second way takes 10 hrs to travel.
Which way would you choose?
Obviously, the one with less time, right?
Similarly, as there are many routers in a network, it becomes very difficult to transfer our data through specific routers in less time with proper cost-effectiveness.
That's where the concept of "Routing" comes.

Routing:
Routing is the mechanism in which our data can be reached to the destination in the best possible path.

What is Routing Protocols?
Routing Protocols specifies how routers communicate with each other distributing the information that enables them to select the best route between two routers in a computer network.
Routing protocols are configured on routers with the purpose of exchanging routing information.

      crux points: 
  1. Routing is of 2 types-
    i)Static Routing
    ii)Dynamic Routing
  2. Routing algorithms determine a specific choice of route.
  3. Routing protocols are used to maintain ARP tables.
  4. Routing protocols are of two types-
    i)Interior gateway protocols which follow Intradomain routing
    ii)Exterior gateway protocols which follow Interdomain routing
  5. Intradomain routing is of two types-
    i)Distance vector routing
       Eg: RIP
    ii)Link state routing
        Eg: OSPF
  6. Interdomain routing is further categorized as-
    Path vector routing
    Eg: BGP
    7.       
I know, this whole seems to be so messy. But honestly, this is just the beginning!
In the next post, we will see about Distance vector routing.
Trust me, it will be worth it!!

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